http://www.northsouthraillink.org/rise-and-fall-of-highways daily 0.75 2015-12-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448278325330-IV4LXM5UPZ1IAW9B6L19/Central+Artery+Construction+1954a.png Rise And Fall Of Highways - Central Artery under construction, looking north [© Leslie Jones, ca. 1955] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449065795326-OLFPPIEM0J96UCHCFMPZ/CentralArtery1964.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - Central Artery, 1964 After more than eight years of construction, the Central Artery and the Southeast Expressway were joined together on June 25, 1959, when both expressways finally opened to traffic. During its first day of operation, some 60,000 vehicles used the new six-lane Central Artery. The first traffic jam was recorded only three months after completion. [Boston Globe, June 10, 1964 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448326775670-UGG4LOGB0YW6QXJL8WBJ/CAT_P+Central+Area+Planning+Study-8.78.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - CATP Planning Study-cover [Massachusetts DPW, 1978] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448326776844-Q0MNSZY8P941G405G3LP/CAT_P+Central+Area+Planning+Study-Fig.3-+Aug+1978.png Rise And Fall Of Highways - CATP Planning Study – figure 3, p 92 [Massachusetts DPW, 1978] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448329638124-9YILYHN7ZHDTZOSBDEHL/CAT_P+Central+Area+Planning+Study-Fig.47+%26+text-+Aug+1978.png Rise And Fall Of Highways - From its inception in 1978 until President Reagan vetoed Federal funding for it in March 1987, the project included a 2-track rail link running down the center [Massachusetts DPW, 1978] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448279368156-C4RUDY8KG6O4XX0I4QIZ/CAT_P+Central+Area+Planning+Study-p.91-+Aug+1978.png Rise And Fall Of Highways - 1978 Central Area Planning Study excerpt The 1978 Central Area Planning Study made clear that intermodal connections between commuter rail and transit lines was a key part of the project. [Central Area Planning Study, Aug. 1978] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448279441894-FI7DCJTW7P8VE4M8K12B/CAT_P+Central+Area+Planning+Study-p.14+dettail-+Aug+1978.png Rise And Fall Of Highways - 1978 Central Area Planning Study excerpt The North South rail connection was "a principal component" in all reconstruction options developed in the 1978Central Area Planning Study. [Central Area Planning Study, Aug. 1978] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448278575636-N3SUBY0PCYF3EFKNXO6D/CARL-North+Station-1993.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - North Station intermodal connection detail In early 2003, Governor Weld created a Central Artery Rail Link Task Force to figure out how to restore the rail link that had been lost in the 1987 veto. The CARL Task Force proposed extending the Artery slurry walls to create an earth support system for the rail link directly below the Artery. This drawing shows the proposed intermodal connections to the Orange and Green Lines at North Station. [CARL Task Force / Brad Bellows Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448278451349-2FMO9ANML2QHFKZ3F0RX/NSRL+Globe+Article-6.23.93.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - Boston Globe article about rail link, June 24 1993 The CARL Task Force report was issued in May 1993, and one month later the US Senate authorized $4M for a more detailed engineering and environmental study of the rail link. [© The Boston Globe, June 24, 1993] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448278457224-6XEHU6S8M4WUDZMNKZVX/NSRL+Globe+Article-7.10.93.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - Boston Globe article, July 10, 1993 A few weeks later, Governor Weld committed additional state funds to advancing the North South Rail Link. [The Boston Globe, July 10, 1993] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448278579759-Q4PWSYABXRDZW5XL2Q0N/Big+Dig+Cost+May+Exceed+%2412.2+B.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - The Boston Globe, by Tom Palmer, February 15, 2000 By early 2000, the Big Dig's cost was spinning out of control and casting a long shadow over other large infrastructure projects, however valuable. [The Boston Globe, February 15, 2000] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448287173491-4YV0QUED29XIFA58319W/Notice+of+EIS+Cancellation-7.7.03.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - Notice of EIS cancellation Governor Romney took office in January 2003. Within a few months, the MBTA informed the Federal Transit Authority that due to limited financial resources, it would forego work on the NSRL. The FTA suspended the EIS/EIR process that had begun in 1995, and recommended that the results be compiled as a Major Investment Study "to serve as a foundation for a subsequent EIS". [Government Printing Office] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448278743292-44C8E76AFGPBTVNUNHXV/Big+Dig+Ceiling+Collapse.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - Boston Globe article on Ceiling Collapse The Big Dig's cost overruns and quality control problems, which included leaking slurry walls, and the collapse of concrete ceiling panels that killed a motorist in 2006, undermined public confidence in the state's ability to effectively manage large infrastructure projects. [© The Boston Globe] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448278729680-GNJOG0T8VMH26A97Q09R/Screen+shot+2015-01-22+at+10.57.52+AM.png Rise And Fall Of Highways - Boston Globe article about Big Dig cost By 2008, the cost of the Central Artery Project had ballooned to $22 Billion, casting a long shadow over other needed infrastructure investments and casting doubt on the Commonwealth's ability to manage such projects. [The Boston Globe, 7/17/08] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448329650378-5LRZL28W58NP22NH0Q2D/Big+Dig+Costs+-+2008.gif Rise And Fall Of Highways - Big Dig Red Ink Engulfs State [© The Boston Globe / David Butler, July 17, 2008] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448279728667-1BWN5A5VT2PXF46YJV3L/Greenway+Aerial+View-10.4.08-Wikipedia+CC+License+%28crop%29.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - Aerial view of Greenway The burial of the Central Artery despite its massive cost, has had a transformative impact on downtown Boston, but the work of linking our regional transportation system, for the benefit of the entire region, remains incomplete. [hellogreenway 4/10/08, via Wikipedia] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448279749526-UAB7VAMQXIMBFL1C3MV6/128+Congeston+2002+Globe.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - Route 128 traffic Congestion on Route 128 paralyzes Boston's outer suburbs for several hours a day. [© The Boston Globe, staff photo by John Tlumacki (published 1/12/12)] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448279755389-50PKN3ZHDCB1NN8VOXKX/93+Traffic-Boston+Herald.jpg Rise And Fall Of Highways - Traffic on the Southeast Expressway looking northbound Five years after the completion of the world's most expensive highway project, and in the absence of adequate transit improvements, the region's major north-south highway remains gridlocked in both directions. [© Boston Herald Staff Photo by Matt Stone, 11/21/2012] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448329336425-7K0A183N4GK9CR2SODX0/Central+Artery+Construction+1954b.png Rise And Fall Of Highways http://www.northsouthraillink.org/legacy-of-bold-investments daily 0.75 2015-12-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447616336328-L9L8BEOAKA4JHQR9JHLC/Back+Bay+looking+East+ca+1863-69b.jpg A Legacy of Bold Investments - Back Bay looking East ca 1863-69 Boston's Back Bay was created on a formerly tidal estuary from 1857 until the early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448193267185-AOQT9EUE3HXW015GP6UF/Back+Bay+Wallpaper4.jpg A Legacy of Bold Investments - Back Bay Boston Over the course of 50 years, a polluted backwater was transformed into one of the world’s premier neighborhoods and a cultural and economic cornerstone of our city. [© Alexey Sergeev] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1444847810107-UVP6UTMBPEXO14O9ZUZP/HG2-BPL+Bates+Hall.jpg A Legacy of Bold Investments - Bates Hall in the Boston Public Library George Ticknor began working to establish a public library in 1826. The legislature endorsed the idea in 1841 and it came to fruition in 1854. The far grander McKim Building, raised by public subscription, opened in 1895. [© Andrew Marston] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1444847811136-4EG8ML8ZPT1RI546VHVI/HG7-Boston%27s+Subway+%28excerpt%29-NYT+1897.jpg A Legacy of Bold Investments - New York Times, Oct. 10, 1897 New Yorkers also watched with wonder and envy as the first subway in the nation opened in Boston, years ahead of their own, and our traffic disappeared. [by John L. Wright] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447616347405-S3JBTHSKSKFC9TEB3TEM/HG6-Park+Street+Cross+Section.jpg A Legacy of Bold Investments - Cross Section through Park Street Station https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1444847810594-IPCN1T4SJ0EU4R3EGI5U/HG3-Emerald+Necklace.png A Legacy of Bold Investments - Drawing of the Emerald Necklace park system, from the Common to Franklin Park. January 1914 The notion of urban parks linked in a continuous necklace reaching from the urban core to the forested periphery was by any account a radical and immodest vision, but Boston seemed to welcome such bold visions, and we are the better for it. [City Of Boston] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447592965801-73G01ZWRSHYVUZ9VF6MT/HG4-Charles+River+Basin3.jpg A Legacy of Bold Investments - Back Bay and Charles River, Boston, MA - Back Bay, Boston The notion of damming the Charles, to create acres of water surface and miles of waterfront parkland (and valuable real estate) must once have seemed extravagant and impractical, but challenges were overcome, it was accomplished, and we wouldn’t recognize ourselves without it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1444847813739-986TQCM70RL8KOEHB7GZ/HG5-MIT+Sketch.jpg A Legacy of Bold Investments - MIT 1913 Boston led the nation in the creation of great public and private institutions, including the great hospitals, museums, and universities, not least the publicly chartered Massachusetts institute of Technology, which remain key foundations of our economy to this day. [MIT Museum] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448193441288-6322VL3XN9F1EJ8779N8/Back+Bay+looking+East+ca+1863-69b.jpg A Legacy of Bold Investments http://www.northsouthraillink.org/follo-line-oslo daily 0.75 2015-12-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448190924878-N2LVICV18JJI3J7TDUL9/Oslo-Ski+Follo+Line+Map-%C2%A9+Jernbaneverket.jpg Oslo - Follo Line - Route map of the Follo Line, between Oslo and Ski [Jernbaneverket] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449487545998-1KDA0HUEGW5H8Q5CZVT4/Oslo+Central+Station+%28Cropped%29-%C2%A9+Trond+Strandsberg%2C+via+Wikipedia_pt_tm.jpg Oslo - Follo Line - View of Oslo Central Station yard and platforms, seen from Ekeberg The Olympic ski jump is visible in the upper left. [© Trond Strandsberg] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448190931212-M7SG8FXEDY1G36QE6L79/Oslo-Ski+Follo+Line+Alignment+%28red%29%2Cjpg.jpg Oslo - Follo Line - Follo Line alignment near Oslo [Jernbaneverket] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448190937933-BA04B5WPHAN1E39338J0/Follo+Line+Birdseye+model.jpg Oslo - Follo Line - CAD model of the Follo Line tunnels near Oslo central station, heading south toward Ski [Jernbaneverket] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448190941518-91GQ3HE8YZ94HPAR0FDY/Follo+Line+Tunnel+Cross+Sections.jpg Oslo - Follo Line - The Follo line is being built as two separate single-track tunnels 25 meters apart (similar to the Red Line Northwest Extension) [Jernbaneverket] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449452828943-RBKAAWS7QG715FMO4NWH/Oslo-Ski+Line+Twin+Tunnels.png Oslo - Follo Line Twin-bore tunnels of the Oslo-Ski Follobanen are being bored through hard rock with 4 TBM's, working from each end toward the center to expedite the work. [© Jernbaneverket / Anne Kathrine Kalager, Project Director] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449452903909-4F1VBMIXWFFPDUQI4UGM/Oslo-Ski+Tunnel+Complexity.png Oslo - Follo Line [© Jernbaneverket / Anne Kathrine Kalager, Project Director https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449452966067-BO4H7LIBNR816VFVOPZH/Oslo-Ski+Follo+Line+near+Oslo+Station%2Cjpg%281%29.jpg Oslo - Follo Line Montage showing complexity of existing tunnel infrastrucfture new Oslo Central Station. [© Jernbaneverket / Anne Kathrine Kalager, Project Director] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449453167211-F06VQIMM3VRWQA1GP5UO/Follo_Line_tunnel_and_approaches+at_Oslo_Central-%C2%A9+Jernbaneverket-ViaNova.jpg Oslo - Follo Line - Birdseye view of the Follo Line portals just south of Oslo Central Station [© Jernbaneverket / ViaNova] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448196973965-8HJUXTHXQ2563VTM7E13/Follo+Line+Birdseye+model.jpg Oslo - Follo Line http://www.northsouthraillink.org/land-use-impacts daily 0.75 2016-07-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448288699787-0I887JKSKN85FWA02NT0/LU3-Boston+%26+Albany+Yards+1932.jpg Land Use Impacts - View of the Lenox Hotel in Back Bay, looking along Exeter Street toward Boylston Street, with the Boston & Albany Railroad yards at left, 1930 [Boston Public Library] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448288699787-0I887JKSKN85FWA02NT0/LU3-Boston+%26+Albany+Yards+1932.jpg Land Use Impacts - View of the Lenox Hotel in Back Bay, looking along Exeter Street toward Boylston Street, with the Boston & Albany Railroad yards at left, 1930 [Boston Public Library] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445344894433-FFUPCWKRXIVRZ06I288W/LU1-Boston+%26+Albany+Yards+%26+Lenox+Hotel.jpg Land Use Impacts - Boston & Albany Yards, ca. 1930 Photo of the old Boston & Albany yards ca. 1930, looking from Huntington Avenue toward Boylston Street and the Lenox Hotel (Exeter Street is at the right), lapping at the edges of Copley Square. [Boston Public Library] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445344911174-HHE35P4Q9BXONT0YC5OF/LU2-Copley+Square+Map+1902_2.png Land Use Impacts - 1902 map showing Boston & Albany rail yards redeveloped as part of the Prudential Center complex [G. W. Bromley & Co. Atlas of Boston 1902] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445344916419-M6CK8F6M875DC07C1QQB/LU6-775+Boylston+Street.jpg Land Use Impacts - 775 Boylston St New development along Boylston Street, on the former Boston & Albany rail yards. Removal of surface rail uses has been a cornerstone of Boston's resurgence in the past 5 decades. [Trulia] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1444850033601-NKFVP2JM0ZFB2XEYPPD7/RLG5-Eliot+Square+Yard.png Land Use Impacts - Eliot Square, 1972 Eliot Square yard ca. 1972, from the Red Line tunnel entrance, looking toward Harvard's Kirkland and Eliot Houses. The yard was about one story below the surround street grade, separated by a high wall. [© Mark Solomon ca. 1972] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448195871878-Z02XEQGH9AJL2099G16G/LU10-Harvad+Stadium+%26+Eliot+Square+Yards-1915%28Crop%29.jpg Land Use Impacts - Aerial view of the Red Line Eliot Square yards in 1915 The tunnel entrance is visible in the upper left. [Harvard University Archives] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1444850167027-EVLSTN9HMKX270VNKCG1/RLG2-JFK+Park+Cambridge.jpg Land Use Impacts - JFK Park, Cambridge JFK Park in Cambridge, with the Charles River at left. From 1912 to 1983 this was the site of an 11 acre Red Line maintenance and layover facility. Extending the Red Line allowed this riverfront site to be redeveloped. In addition to the park, it is now the site of the Kennedy School of Government, and the Charles Hotel. [JOgdenC on Flickr] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448195960726-4VS993NWLPC7FFW2HV2M/LU12-Red+Line+NW+Extension+Aerial+View_tm.jpg Land Use Impacts - Aerial view of Harvard Square in Cambridge, showing the route of the Red Line Extension The project included two new bored tunnels extending north from Harvard Square to Porter and Davis Square, and then to Alewife. Storage and repair yards that until the mid-1980's were located on the banks of the Charles River (lower left), were relocated. [© GoogleEarth] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448196069500-XQLC2VMM5818TXU5QS3G/Davis+Square+Street+Fesrtival-10.10.15-%C2%A9+Todd+Van+Hoosear.jpg Land Use Impacts - A street fair in Davis Square in October 2015 The completion of the Red Line Extension project in 1985 unlocked a tremendous revitalization in formerly depressed Somerville. [© Todd Van Hoosear] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448196182227-0S0A32C7NTP8P0MRVK7Q/Widett+Circle-%C2%A9+Boston+Globe-8.22.14_tm.jpg Land Use Impacts - Aerial view of Widett Circle, looking toward South Station and the Seaport District Widett was identified as one of Boston's key development districts during the Olympics debate, but will also be needed as a railroad storage yard (layover) if South Station is expanded as a terminal station. Connecting North and South Station allows layovers to be located in less valuable locations. [© The Boston Globe, 8/22/14] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448196193990-SH5CUHP9HY5TV2GX64TT/Widett+Circle-After.jpg Land Use Impacts - Rendering of potential development at Widett Circle, assuming all construction is located on a costly elevated deck above railroad uses Mayor Walsh has stated that the cost of this deck could substantially reduce revenue to the city. [© Boston 2030 and Elkus Manfredi Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447596352877-IAAPT91D8BTHACVNVHTR/LU14-SSX+Widett+Layover+Proposal-Oct.+2014.png Land Use Impacts - Proposed Widett Circle Layover Just as Boston’s Olympic plans have brought attention to the development potential of Widett Circle, the Commonwealth’s plan to expand South Station will actually require an expansion of surface rail uses both at the terminals and on nearby sites, including more than 50 acres of train storage (so-called “layovers”) at Widett Circle and Beacon Park. [South Station Expanson Project DEIR, Oct. 2014] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448196189984-2PPTV0V9TDP56RRB9GOI/Beacon+Park+Yard-10.12.12-%C2%A9+Fletcher6+via+Wikipedia+CC+license_tm.jpg Land Use Impacts - Beacon Park Yard 22 acres of Beacon Park Yard, located between Harvard and Boston Universities, will be maintained as a railroad storage facility if South Station terminal is expanded and the NSRL is not built. [Fletcher6 on 10/12/12 via Wikipedia] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447596362066-JH65C6PZZTFJF7GXV2PZ/LU15-Beacon+Park+Yard+Layover.jpg Land Use Impacts - Proposed Beacon Park Yard layover [South Station Expanson Project DEIR, Oct. 2014] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447597698343-X27ZHFAAHSL55OWE4TLI/LU16-SSX+Maximum+Build.jpg Land Use Impacts - Model of SSX Proposed air rights development Although the Commonwealth has presented South Station Expansion as a boon to development along Fort Point Channel, a review of the drawings shows it is in fact a serious encumbrance. [South Station Expanson Project DEIR, Oct. 2014] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447596476710-O60T89GZ7DN33R6VX26C/LU17-Foregone+Development+Potential+at+SSX+%28rotated%29.jpg Land Use Impacts - South Station Expansion SSX requires the purchase of the USPS facility, and then devotes almost three quarters of the site to rail platforms, extending through the first two floors of any new building. This amounts to a loss of over 546,000 sf of rentable area, making this very far from ideal as a waterfront development standpoint. [South Station Expanson Project DEIR, Oct. 2014] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448288857660-8BBBSBJV52J2OA7X983J/Europe+Allee+2013%281%29.png Land Use Impacts - Aerial view of Zurich's main railway terminal (Hauptbahnhof) and its vast rail yards Building a rail link below the city avoided the need to devote more valuable urban land to further track expansion, and allowed the area in green to be redeveloped as a research center called Europaallée. [© GoogleEarth] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448288871757-C5MXA81Z6YS6AO0GU5JX/LU22-der-stadtraum-hb-heisst-jetzt-europa-allee-1397992.jpg Land Use Impacts - Rendering of the new deveopment being built adjacent to Zurich's main railway terminal, made possible by the construction of the Durchmesserlinie rail link [visualization by Raumgleitner GmBH] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448327189521-GOWU3SU8SMRQDN7UB7AA/LU18-bloomberg_new_york_01.jpg Land Use Impacts - Hudson Yards Hudson Yards served as a waterfront layover yard for Penn Station. After years of debate and planning, the area is now being redeveloped. [© Julian Brash via Archpaper.com] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448327189945-UTSISK5OVEB2BQGR5FUS/LU19-Route-of-the-7-Line-extension.jpg Land Use Impacts - Hudson Yards No. 7 Subway map One of the stumbling blocks to redevelopment of Hudson Yards had long been the lack of convenient transit access. This was finally resolved by extending the #7 subway line to the site. [Metropolitan Transit Authority via TunnelTalk] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448327190601-25JIUH0PK7OAM9IJ0JHY/LU20-1041864.jpg Land Use Impacts - Rendering of proposed development on the Hudson Yards site [Related Companies / Hudson Yards Development Corp.] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448327190637-F4X4LCS1YV95HI8C2O6C/LU21-one_hudson_yards_09.jpg Land Use Impacts - Rendering of entrance to the new 7-Line subway station at Hudson Yards [One Hudson Yards / Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates] http://www.northsouthraillink.org/two-terminals daily 0.75 2015-12-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449018552498-B9FZNHN3P87XPJT2WFZJ/Back+Bay+Map-Ezra+Lincoln-1852-Detail.jpg Two Terminals - Map of Back Bay, 1852 This drawing shows that even before the Back Bay was filled and building lots laid out, it was crossed by two railroad causeways, built by the Boston & Providence and Boston & Worcester (later Albany) Railroads. The B&P terminal at opposite the Public Garden is visible on the right. [Boston Public Library (map by Ezra Lincoln, commissioned by the Legislature)] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449453499016-4O3XMXXS4RBAVBX5QFRQ/Rail+Depots%2C+Northside-Bromley+Map+1883+%28Detail%29-MIT+Museum.jpg Two Terminals - 1892 map showing the four railroad terminals whose lines are now part of the MBTA northside commuter rail system, prior to their unification; Bromley Atlas of Boston, 1892 [MIT Museum] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448325887233-IRALAIAQDPPE0PMMIFBY/Boston+%26+Lowell+Depot+%28detail%29.jpg Two Terminals - Boston & Lowell Railroad Depot, looking east along Causeway Street The Eastern Railroad and Fitchburg RR terminals are visible beyond. [Boston Public Library] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448325887859-RG7HQKK0DE2L2DFF9OIX/Fitchburg+RR+Boston+Depot%28detail%29_pt.jpg Two Terminals - Fitchburg Railroad Depot [BPL Digital Commonwealth Project] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448325887796-JEJKFQH2AEOMW0883DNY/Boston+%26+Maine+Station+at+Haymarket_pt.jpg Two Terminals - Boston & Maine Depot at Haymarket Square, Boston, looking north [BPL Digital Commonwealth Project] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445336659707-FJA4LOLULKRIDZ5NNW5J/HG8-North+Station+1905.jpg Two Terminals - North Station ca. 1905 North Station, built in 1893, was once the busiest rail station in the nation and a stunning gateway to (and from) points north. Architecture was deployed not just as a noble civic device, but for savvy commercial purposes, helping to make the railroads attractive and seductive, for all social classes. [Detroit Publishing Company] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448194383519-XB7ZKN1SZJY4DVA5LPBK/Boston+Bromley+Atlas+1893+Southside+Terminals.png Two Terminals - source: Bromley Atlas of Boston, 1892 With the construction of South Station in 1900, three separate railroads were able to unify their operations in a single great terminal with 28 tracks. This plan from 1893 shows the three three separate terminals: Boston & Providence at Park Square (upper left), and the Boston & Albany and Old Colony Lines on Kneeland Street. [MIT Museum] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448194377844-NEASE7IUNVQE2ZSXRQXH/Bromley+Atlas+1892-Boston+%26+Providence+Depot+%28detail%29.jpg Two Terminals - Detail of the Boston & Providence Depot prior to the Prior to the construction of South Station. Bromley Atlas of Boston, 1892 [BPL Digital Commonwealth Project] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448325887403-QHF8KMUO8KQDGJXI5ZF4/Boston+%26+Providence+Station%2C+Columbus+Ave-1870-79.jpg Two Terminals - Boston & Providence Depot, Park Square Boston [Boston Public Library] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448194351356-DTXEWTJ9PEZ12KND5TSP/Bromley+Boston+Atlas+1893-B%26A+Depot+%28detail%29.jpg Two Terminals - Detail of the Boston & Albany and Old Colony terminals, a few blocks from the present site of South Station. Bromley Atlas of Boston, 1892 [MIT Museum] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448194372938-HLJVPD6QEBU13B46KSDW/B%26A+Kneeland+Street+Depot_tm.jpg Two Terminals - Boston & Albany Railroad Depot in Kneeland Street, before its replacement by South Station in 1900 [BPL Digital Commonwealth Project] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448194367462-SBZU5QSZSUUY1XKDS10Q/South+Station+before+Atlantic+Ave.+Elevated.jpg Two Terminals - South Station ca. 1900, prior to the construction of the Atlantic Avenue Elevated line in 1901 [BPL Digital Commonwealth Project] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445336661802-35UI80DPWG6T69QO6JHG/HG11-South+Station+and+Elevated+Line+ca.+1905.jpg Two Terminals - South Station, 1905 South Station was completed in 1900, with 28 tracks under its vast shed roof. Proponents of South Station Expansion explicitly cite the 1900 station as a model for the future, when the obsolescence of the terminal concept was recognized within just a few years of its completion. [© Detroit Publishing Co.] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445336661258-FORLMBYBI3LCU36X8VQ3/HG12-Atlantic+Avenue+Elevated+at+Rowe%27s+Wharf-7.21.32.jpg Two Terminals - Atlantic Avenue Elevated Line, 1932 By 1912 the railroads, the City and the Legislature were actively pursuing plans for a North South Rail Link, not because passengers could not get from one terminal to the other – they actually could do this using the Atlantic Avenue Elevated line, which linked the two – but because the terminal operations were so incredibly inefficient and costly. [© Leslie Jones via BPL Digital Commonwealth Project] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445337178366-WS6WD3TPDCXCM9ZUX0O1/HG13-South+Station+Shed+1905.png Two Terminals - South Station Shed, 1905 South Station united several private railroads serving cities to the south and west of Boston under a single vast roof, covering all platforms and waiting trains. Tracks extended right to the edge of Fort Point Channel, but even then, the limitations of stub-end service were becoming apparent. The great train shed roof was dismantled in 1930. [photo by Leslie Jones] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448194359894-5KJLBHW5VZPTDHCPRQM2/BostonTerminal+Co+Diagram+of+Tracks+%26+Signals_pt.jpg Two Terminals - Diagram of Trcks and Signals at South Station, 1900 Within a few years the inefficiency of this arrangement, even with 28 tracks, and an elevated rail link running between North and South Station, had become apparent. [BPL Digital Commonwealth Project] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448194357030-700X7STH2AQRT2VI6IAQ/South+Station+Yards-1904.jpg Two Terminals - South Station yard South Station was built to replace 3 separate terminals. Even with 28 tracks and a passenger link between North and South Stations, the inefficiency of stub-end operations soon made clear that run-through service was needed, and plans were drawn to link the two downtown terminals. [Library of Congress] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445336664645-26V18BZZ09ZNS95P0DRO/HG15-NSRL-1.30.11+excerpt.jpg Two Terminals - Boston Evening Transcript, January 30, 1911 Just a few years after South Station and North Station were built, the limitations of stub-end service were becoming apparent, and plans were made to link them with a tunnel. It was calculated that the operating savings alone would pay most of the cost of acquiring the land and building the tunnel. A new boulevard was planned above the tunnel. [The Boston Evening Transcript, January 30, 1911] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445345746163-DI9VUIQ2AI6B3QF7ROER/HG19-Wead+Tunnel+Plan+1914-Compressed.jpg Two Terminals - Wead Tunnel Plan, 1914 Plan of the proposed north south rail link, prepared by Leslie Wead in October 1914. War and depression delayed the plan, and then the post-war rise of the automobile led to the construction of an elevated highway along essentially the same route. [Boston Public Library] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445336664879-CISQYPZ1SC1RI31YV0TB/HG16-Report+Frontispiece+1914.png Two Terminals - Planning Board Report, 1914 Three years later, in 1914, the Boston City Planning Board recommended construction of the propose rail link between North and South Stations.... https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445336664930-OPPGCDRSCR5FZXURBTZ6/HG17-Wead+Tunnel+Endorsement%2C+1914.png Two Terminals - Planning Board Report, 1914 ...citing both economic efficiency and much improved convenience for commuters arriving from the north and south of the city https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445336665948-VEBJ09SF16GHBFOLJENH/HG18-Boston+Daily+Globe-10.21.14+copy.jpg Two Terminals - Boston Daily Globe, 1914 News accounts in the fall of 1914 noted that the tunnel "would make it possible for persons working near the North Station to live in a southern suburb" and vice versa. Because of its great efficiency, the plan was expected to present no burden to taxpayers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448194584469-B3LLI2ISC9HYBY4AOGSR/HG8-North+Station+1905.jpg Two Terminals http://www.northsouthraillink.org/citytunneln-malmo daily 0.75 2015-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448052877829-AGRVU6RKB7ZSLKIIK8RZ/Malmo+Economist+Article-12.16.10.png Malmo - Citytunneln - The Economist, 12/16/10 "The Malmo Rail Tunnel: Making commuters' lives easier" [© The Economist] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448052881569-AW0C1P7INRCQ3WO5RMO5/Malmo+City+Tunneln+Route+Map.jpg Malmo - Citytunneln - Route Map of Malmo Citytunneln Rail Link [© The Economist] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448052903546-8SCNXF2JZKPBP06A0DS9/Malmo+Central+Station.jpg Malmo - Citytunneln - Aerial View of Malmo Central Station [© Jerker Eriksson] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448052917751-ZZSK7Q6MSD4ZM6HGWVWN/Malmo+Triangeln+Station+Cutaway.jpg Malmo - Citytunneln - Cutaway View of Malmo Citytunneln, Trianglen Station [© Petter Lönegård] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448052848986-CV4UZPRWHWQD76NE7WS0/Malmo+Triangeln+Station+Headhouse-Kasper+Dudzik.jpg Malmo - Citytunneln - Malmo Triangeln Station Headhouse [© Kasper Dudzik, 9/30/12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448053012868-3RYHP5AIUKU42799XMD0/Malmo+Triangeln+Station+2-%C2%A9Anders+Bengtsson.jpg Malmo - Citytunneln - Malmo Triangeln Station Headhouse [© Anders Bengtsson] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448053026129-G4TQXWQL6R6CZAEB88VJ/Malmo+Triangeln+Station+1-%C2%A9Anders+Bengtsson.jpg Malmo - Citytunneln - Malmo Triangeln Station Headhouse [© Anders Bengtsson] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448053038836-I9T1MG80RDR0VUYF0D8D/Malmo+Trianglen+Station+Escalators-Kasper+Dudzik.jpg Malmo - Citytunneln - Malmo Citytunneln, Triangeln Station Escalators [© Kasper Dudzik, 10/20/11] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448053051032-KHMBHMI7RHTFFVIJHS0X/Malmo+Trianglen+Station+-Escalators+2-Kasper+Dudzik.jpg Malmo - Citytunneln - Malmo Citytunneln, Triangeln Station Escalators [© Kasper Dudzik, 10/20/11] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448053081551-XS0YW63RZFU739AY31AM/Malmo+Triangeln+Station+Platform+3-Kasper+Dudzik.jpg Malmo - Citytunneln - Malmo Citytunneln, Triangeln Station Escalators [© Mabry Campbell] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448197745157-1S6HG7JW65EEH8X703ZC/Malmo+Triangeln+Station+Headhouse-Kasper+Dudzik.jpg Malmo - Citytunneln http://www.northsouthraillink.org/citybanan-stockholm daily 0.75 2015-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448054726153-U3B2LEBDH2A3VV56CW75/Stockholm+Aerial+View-.jpg Stockholm - Citybanan - View of Stockholm's Knight's Islet (Riddarholmen) Citybanan rail link is being built under the harbor and below the buildings in the foreground. The original 1871 rail line is visible to the left and right. [BDO Sverige] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448054726153-U3B2LEBDH2A3VV56CW75/Stockholm+Aerial+View-.jpg Stockholm - Citybanan - View of Stockholm's Knight's Islet (Riddarholmen) Citybanan rail link is being built under the harbor and below the buildings in the foreground. The original 1871 rail line is visible to the left and right. [BDO Sverige] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448054743280-UQRUZKAV3GZ60YW866ES/Citybanan3_fp_proj_slide_img.png Stockholm - Citybanan - Route of Stockholm City Banan Rail Link The original 1871 rail link is visible on the right. The new link passes below the harbor and main rail station beyond. [photomontage © Ahlqvist och Almqvist Arkitekter AB] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448054731995-4RYX2HZG267FOME5HK50/Stockholm+Citybanan+Aerial+Route+Montage.jpg Stockholm - Citybanan - Route of the Stockholm Citybanan Rail Link Project New stations are shown in blue. [© Trafikverket] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448054747548-3CCTC5WKI1M1C5W55V7J/Stockholm+Citybanan+Aerial+Montage-GoogleEarth_tm.jpg Stockholm - Citybanan - Birdseye view of the route of Stockholm's Citybanan Rail Link Stockholm's Citybanan Rail Link passes under the harbor and Knight's Islet, then below the main railway stations, with connections to transit lines. [© GoogleEarth] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448054751106-BRHMX2QDV5T51W7944NN/Stockholm+Centralen+Aerial+Cutaway+View.jpg Stockholm - Citybanan - Centralen Station of the Stockholm City Banan Rail Link New rail platforms are being mined below the main transit station, with direct escalator connections between them. [© C.F. Møller Architects in collaboration with LINK Arkitekter] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448054757417-1QHMCWHWWTU9XZ0VXO1S/Stockholm+Citybanan+Station+Rendering-%C2%A9Ahlqvist+%26+Almqvist+AB.jpg Stockholm - Citybanan - Stockholm Centralen Station New rail platforms are being constructed below the existing main subway station (upper left), with direct escalator connections between them. [Illustration © Ahlqvist och Almqvist Arkitekter AB] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448054759766-UU787WPFV8BEFWSTG5QK/Citybanan+Station+Rendering+2.jpg Stockholm - Citybanan - Stockholm Citybanan Rail Link Project Detail of intermodal connection between regional rail and subway lines. [Illustration © Ahlqvist och Almqvist Arkitekter AB] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448055092290-513EUSPXOXQ3VJUPVC5Q/5925-146977_Mikael-Ulln.jpg Stockholm - Citybanan - Construction of Odenplan Station, on the Stockholm Citybanan Due to the stability of the bedrock, the cavern and tunnels are mined, with the use of TBM's. An immersed tube tunnel crosses the harbor. [photo © Mikael Ullén] http://www.northsouthraillink.org/durchmesserlinie-zurich daily 0.75 2015-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117005713-4GYLS6T2P9XD06ES5FSH/Zurich+Station.jpg Zurich - Durchmesserlinie - Birdseye view of Zurich's main railway terminal (Hauptbahnhof) and its great train sheds stretching out beyond [© Ikiwaner via Wikipedia] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117005713-4GYLS6T2P9XD06ES5FSH/Zurich+Station.jpg Zurich - Durchmesserlinie - Birdseye view of Zurich's main railway terminal (Hauptbahnhof) and its great train sheds stretching out beyond [© Ikiwaner via Wikipedia] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117020433-BMQFAOC3TGWFTH59O6JN/Zurich+Durchmesserlinie--Map.png Zurich - Durchmesserlinie - Route of Zurich's Durchmesserlinie rail link Zurich's Durchmesserlinie rail link, extending from Altstetten station on the left, through the Lowenstrasse station adjacent to the main terminal, and on to Oerlikon (upper right). The project is 6 miles long, of which 2.8 miles are in a 10.9 meter diameter tunnel containing 2 tracks. [© SBB] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117044799-DC6NBSO3XATIIZRM8SLR/Europe+Allee+2013.png Zurich - Durchmesserlinie - Aerial view of Zurich's main railway terminal (Hauptbahnhof) and its vast rail yards Building a rail link below the city avoided the need to devote more valuable urban land to further track expansion, and allowed the area in green to be redeveloped as a research center called Europaallée. [© GoogleEarth] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117080417-XPSC3UCQO5KMGLD7LG3W/Zurich+Weinberg+Tunnel-Long+Section+%26+Geology.png Zurich - Durchmesserlinie - Profile drawing showing the descent of the Durchmesserlinie rail link below the terminal, river, and hills beyond. [G. Faessler, N. Hessler, J. Matter, Electrowatt Infra Ltd, Zurich, Switzerland, Basler & Hofmann Consulting Engineers, Zurich, Switzerland] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117095755-Z5U2WRS0U905YF4JSAOK/Zurich+Durchmesserlinie-Goals.png Zurich - Durchmesserlinie - Durchmesserlinie Project Goals Goals of Zurich's Durchmesserlinie rail link project included both transportation and land use considerations. [© SBB] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117105623-5YSPWEPOZEFJ445SCVHM/Zurich+Weinberg+Tunnel+10.8M.png Zurich - Durchmesserlinie - Cross section of the double-track tunnel used in the Durchmesserlinie project Note the unusual waterproofing system installed in the upper portion of the tunnel to assure watertightness. [© SBB] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117138597-HNXKKI7YZ2J0DPQHQWAL/der-stadtraum-hb-heisst-jetzt-europa-allee-1397992.jpg Zurich - Durchmesserlinie - Rendering of the new deveopment being built adjacent to Zurich's main railway terminal, made possible by the construction of the Durchmesserlinie rail link [visualization by Raumgleitner GmBH] http://www.northsouthraillink.org/city-tunnel-leipzig daily 0.75 2015-12-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117943397-OEAMHH7PSKIBA7LANFW2/Leipzig_Hauptbahnhof-4.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Aerial view of Leipzig's Hauptbahnhof (main railway station) Like our own South Station, it's vast platforms were insufficient and the decision was made to link, rather than expand the terminals. [© Appaloosa via Wikipedia] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449017205469-9VWGQMXLV53RCX40W00Z/Leipzig+Historic+Photo.png Leipzig - City-Tunnel https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449090829351-JAN4EU9I7ZDETWKZEXDO/Luftaufnahme+Leipzig+%C2%A9Freistaat+Sachsen.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Aerial view of Leipzig The existing main terminal is on the left. Trains now pass below the city center, stopping at 4 new underground stations and a 5th station at the surface (not shown). [© Freistaat Sachsen] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117950067-85DJRRG1R8L02DQQEY5A/Leipzig+Aerial+Photo+%26+Diagram.png Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Diagram of Leipzig's new City Tunnel Rail Link project Leipzig's new City Tunnel Rail Link projectwith historic main railway station at far left and 4 new stations distributed throughout the city, linked to the suburban regional rail lines on the right. [Leipzig City Tunnel] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117955971-7G3OTS32HVY1DA1DAQ4V/Leipzig+Spider+Map.png Leipzig - City-Tunnel - System Map for Leipzig City Tunnel System Map for Leipzig City Tunnel project showing the existing main station and 4 new stations in the center. [Leipzig City Tunnel] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449017333791-EKQRKL6WKM7TFFFRDN81/Leipzig+Citytunnel+Diagram+%28crop%29+%C2%A9+Freistaat+Sachsen.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Plan of Leipzig's City-Tunnel north south rail link The plan for the City-Tunnel shows the locations of the 5 new stations, which provide convenient distribution for passengers from across the region. [© Freistaat Sachsen] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449017136310-V0CH39AYK0CA505N6GAA/Leipzig+Citytunnel+La%CC%88ngsschnitt+%28Crop%26bar%29+%C2%A9Freistaat+Sachsen.png Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Longitudinal Section of the Leipzig City-Tunnel The existing main terminal is on the left, followed by 3 new underground stations, and a new surface station on the far right. [© Freistaat Sachsen] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449017070454-0C14RV5TVYN4MO79X6WG/Leipzig+City+Tunnel+Construction-Tunnel+Cross+Section.png Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Cross Section of Leipzig's new single-track rail tunnels (which run in pairs) [© Dipl. Ing. Klaus Preißinger] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448118195177-WXB90BH1C5G175OAVPMN/TBM+in+Leipzig+Citytunnel+station.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Tunnel Boring Machine during construction of the Leipzig City Tunnel Rail Link, August 30, 2007 [photo by Ingbife] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448117991272-C6R90YO83LW3DNA2OAQC/Leuschner+Station-Longitudinal+Section-%C2%A9Max+Dudler+Architect.png Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Longitudinal Section of new Leipzig City Tunnel Rail Link station at Wilhelm Leuschner Platz The existing main terminal is on the left, with a new rail link station below, followed by 3 additional underground stations, and a new surface station on the far right. [© Freistaat Sachsen] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448118067723-PHQ91J9U39LTX8ZKEKGU/Leipzig+Leuschner+Station-Opening+Ceremony+%C2%A9+Jan+Woitas.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Leipzig City Tunnel Leuschner Platz Station, opening ceremony [photo © Jan Woitas] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448118026248-4LBM3OX10RPO9TPJGHRC/Leuschner+Station+2-lichtdesign1-%C2%A9++christian-guenther.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Leipzig Leuschner-Platz station The walls and ceiling are lined with translucent glass blocks with lighting behind, creating a luminous enclosure. [photo © Christian Guenther] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448118056496-HP03JEHUWQUX9YURF77G/Leuschner+Station-lichtdesign1-%C2%A9++christian-guenther.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Interior of Wilhelm Leuschner Platz Station on the Leipzig City Tunnel Rail Link [photo © Christan Guenther] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448118133217-PG1O8LZUZBKPXJ5871UL/Leipzig+zleuschner+Station-Clock.png Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Clock Detail, Wilhelm Leuschner Platz Station, Leipzig [© Jörg Dietrich / Panorama Streetline.com] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449016969134-E9FFQKOZOH7OMGILMO85/Leipzig+City+Tunnel+Construction-North+Portal+%28photo-tm%29.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Aerial view of Leipzig's Hauptbahnhof, looking south Two new portals are visible in the lower right, which allow regional and intercity trains to enter the new City-Tunnel rail link and pass through the city beyond. [© Dipl. Ing. Klaus Preißinger] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449450789694-N6BMWHCZMEE38KJYO1Y2/Leipzig+City+Tunnel+Construction-Longitudinal+Section+at+Hauptbahnhof.png Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Cross Section of Leipzig's Hauptbahnhof main terminal The new City-Tunnel rail link station extends directly below the terminal, requiring it to be underpinned. [© Dipl. Ing. Klaus Preißinger] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449016860837-JTF9AEF26IPL3JR6KF1L/Leipzig+City+Tunnel+Construction-Hauptbahnhof+Underpinning.png Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Leipzig's Hauptbahnhof (main terminal) Building the new rail link station extends below this historic structure, while challenging, maximized the convenience of connections for passengers. [© Dipl. Ing. Klaus Preißinger] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449450638470-XA4QTW2KQ8MUDXAMZEKX/Leipzig+City+Tunnel+Construction-Soil+Freezing.png Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Illustration of the underpinning at Leipzig Hauptbahnhof In the first stage, two small tunnels (shown in blue) were bored below the main historic terminal building. Working from within these tunnels, the soil was frozen to provide termporary support while new underpinning columns were installed (shown in white). [© Dipl. Ing. Klaus Preißinger] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448118183962-5CUD441Z0XIMJHTP10R6/Leipzig+Station+Retail.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Interior of Leipzig main station Interior of Leipzig main station (Hauptbahnhof) after renovation and integration with the new City Tunnel Rail Link below. [photo © Jan Woitas 8/29/11] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449017731614-FFX5N8GE5EX3VXC6RT9W/Leipzig+Station+Retail+promenaden.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel - Leipzig Hauptbahnhof retail development [© Uwe Letzel] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449090898965-MODSPFG2H7MHNMZFLJ9Z/Luftaufnahme+Leipzig+%C2%A9Freistaat+Sachsen.jpg Leipzig - City-Tunnel http://www.northsouthraillink.org/crossrail-london daily 0.75 2015-11-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448119321225-FYOOU5BAQM1O6NB0RPHF/crossrail-route.jpg London - Crossrail - Crossrail Route Map Maidenhead to Shenfield [© Rail Magazine, Jan. 2009] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448119330638-L0EHBHF6W79V6TJ3HZ8F/CrossRail-Map12.jpg London - Crossrail - Crossrail Tunnel Contracts [© Tunnelling Journal] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448119347491-NDKDCMWFFIBGESR0JYE7/Crossrail.jpg London - Crossrail - Interior of Crossrail tunnel between Royal Oak and Farringdon prior to installation of the rail bed The tunnel lining is comprised of precast concrete segments, each locked in place by a keystone, sealed with gaskets and bolted together. [photo by Sean Dempsey / PA Wire November 19, 2013] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448119381912-RXG13IW3G9TWYBHYC259/CrossRail+Liverpool+Street+Station.png London - Crossrail - Crossrail Finsbury station diagram (lifted off) [© Crossrail Ltd.] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448119441012-PS1RQAZ54SY5QUV77FA9/CrossRail+Finsbury+Station.jpg London - Crossrail - Crossrail Liverpool Street Station diagram [Hawkins\Brown Architects LLP] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448119447925-5PQU7ZNAQNVTQ6YKSCFW/CrossRail+at+50%25-Boris+Johnson-1.16.14%2BDavid+Cameron%2BBoris%2BJohnon.jpg London - Crossrail - David Cameron and Boris Johnson celebrate the midpoint of tunnel construction in January 2014 [© Picture PA, via standard.co.uk] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448119468972-SMY10XDOAWQFBZR3HUOB/CrossRail+Paddington+Station+Rendering.jpg London - Crossrail - Paddington Crossrail station includes a large, skylit ticket hall with escalators to the rail platforms immediately below [Weston Williamson Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448119476797-CHRUPQ9LNFEZNYJ4FGXA/CrossRail+Paddington+Station+Interior+Rendering+4.jpg London - Crossrail - Paddington Station's new Crossrail ticket hall [Weston Williamson Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448119531126-MUOKNRJ3A6F4DMBB6983/CrossRail+Paddington+Station+Interior+Rendering.jpg London - Crossrail - Paddington Station's new Crossrail ticket hall [Weston Williamson Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448197399299-79XC2F3Y8NSNXBPMO6R7/CrossRail+Paddington+Station+Rendering.jpg London - Crossrail http://www.northsouthraillink.org/vastlanken-gothenburg daily 0.75 2015-11-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448121954626-JZXV8VXNAM7Y25HNEDGC/Vastlanken+Corridor+Map+2-by+Open+Street+Maps%2C+CC+License.png Gothenburg - Vastlanken - Map of Gothenburg's Vastlanken Rail Link Project [© OpenStreetMaps Team] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448121954626-JZXV8VXNAM7Y25HNEDGC/Vastlanken+Corridor+Map+2-by+Open+Street+Maps%2C+CC+License.png Gothenburg - Vastlanken - Map of Gothenburg's Vastlanken Rail Link Project [© OpenStreetMaps Team] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448121966507-C8W0F43EW20W3KHPDDY0/Goteborg+Vastlanken+Project+Diagrams.png Gothenburg - Vastlanken - Vastlanken infographic [© Trafikverket / Maria Olsson] http://www.northsouthraillink.org/east-side-access-new-york daily 0.75 2015-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448122766278-5SUSD6SEW60E238Y2ZB4/East+Side+Access+Route+Diagram.jpg New York - East Side Access - Route of the Long Island Railroad East Side Access Project [© Metropolitan Transit Authority] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448122771145-2SFASLIXO7QJ2IE0XLMQ/NY-BP731A_NYSTA_G_20120426200005.jpg New York - East Side Access - Cross Section of the East Side Access Project Cross Section of the East Side Access Project, showing new double-height station being build 140' below Park Avenue in NYC. [illustration © The Wall Street Journal] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448275881067-FZ1WUERTVNQ4LPUHXTOY/east-side-subway-construction.jpg New York - East Side Access - Pouring concrete 140' below Park Avenue [photo © Metropolitan Transportation Authority / Patrick Cashin] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448122781455-ZML4D5UXN2KGNWNTQZNU/east-side-subway-construction-2.jpg New York - East Side Access - East Side Access Project Station cavern below Grand Central Terminal [© Metropolitan Transportation Authority / Patrick Cashin] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448122789107-P7QZLIN6M3GF9AKJC9XX/East+Side+Access-January+13%2C+2014.jpg New York - East Side Access - East Side Access western cavern waterproofing East Side Access Project, station cavern under construction below Grand Central Terminal. [© MTA Capital Construction / photo by Rehema Trimiew] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448197336360-U9PO8IKBFPYZZKO3G9ZY/east-side-subway-construction-2.jpg New York - East Side Access http://www.northsouthraillink.org/jubilee-extension-london daily 0.75 2015-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448123485049-QWZENYAZVOZ21JG41UZ2/Figure-6.-Map-of-JLE-Railway.png London - Jubilee Extension - Aerial view of London, showing the route of the Jubilee Line Extension [© Springer Verlag] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448123489413-P0HJMHFWW4Z6UHULDSTU/Canary+Wharf+1986+%C2%A9+SOM.png London - Jubilee Extension - Canary Wharf, London in 1986 [© SOM Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448123493560-O6PSJLDOPO3DC6IKDUCX/Canary+Wharf+2012+%C2%A9+SOM.png London - Jubilee Extension - Canary Wharf in 2012 Same view as prior photo. [© SOM Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448123494700-NL9UMX8GTMDQ4ECO7QUZ/Cnary+Wharf+Masterplan+-+1985+%C2%A9+SOM.jpg London - Jubilee Extension - Masterplan for Canary Wharf Masterplan for Canary Wharf, showing the twin tunnels of the Jubilee Line Extension approaching the site from the lower left. The station is located below the park in the center of this drawing, entered through two semi-elliptical glass headhouses. [drawing by SOM Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448123500124-RCE5FU0B5DVRWT57PD44/P1440101_tm_pt.jpg London - Jubilee Extension - Canary Wharf Station entrance [© 2014 Brad Bellows] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448123505123-GZM43PHFJHGBP5PVW7MF/P1440088.JPG London - Jubilee Extension - Canary Wharf Station headhouse, London UK [© 2014 Brad Bellows] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448123509312-J4W49NFF7ARVPW8F9LB6/P1440110_tn.jpg London - Jubilee Extension - Canary Wharf Station headhouse, London UK [© 2014 Brad Bellows] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448123510574-GB47ECL2KSOBPPKL5ALE/Westminster+Station+Section.png London - Jubilee Extension - Cross Section showing relationship of Westminster Station to the Big Ben Clock Tower immediately across the street The construction of a 130' deep station in such close proximity was challenging, but the was completed without damage to the fragile tower by the use of compensation grouting. [© Professors Robert Mair & David Harris] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448123519217-RJQPB32TPR1J4SOEMU31/P1440155_tm.jpg London - Jubilee Extension - London Jubilee Line Extension, Westminster Station interior [© 2014 Brad Bellows] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448123522111-2O3ID9NJB0UIO0KSWKP4/P1440166_tm.jpg London - Jubilee Extension - London Jubilee Line Extension, Westminster Station interior [© 2014 Brad Bellows] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448197140806-KASRL3DEZHHPZIAVBJVS/P1440101_tm_pt.jpg London - Jubilee Extension http://www.northsouthraillink.org/red-line-extension-cambridge-somerville daily 0.75 2015-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448124184921-V93WWAJSCHSUOS79WSV2/Red+Line+NW+Extension+Aerial+View_tm.jpg Cambridge & Somerville - Red Line Extension - Aerial view of Harvard Square in Cambridge, showing the route of the Red Line Extension The project included two new bored tunnels extending north from Harvard Square to Porter and Davis Square, and then to Alewife. Storage and repair yards that until the mid-1980's were located on the banks of the Charles River (lower left), were relocated. [© GoogleEarth] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448124184921-V93WWAJSCHSUOS79WSV2/Red+Line+NW+Extension+Aerial+View_tm.jpg Cambridge & Somerville - Red Line Extension - Aerial view of Harvard Square in Cambridge, showing the route of the Red Line Extension The project included two new bored tunnels extending north from Harvard Square to Porter and Davis Square, and then to Alewife. Storage and repair yards that until the mid-1980's were located on the banks of the Charles River (lower left), were relocated. [© GoogleEarth] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448124238403-SRH62ZN2CIPLDHIT9W9S/Eliot+Square+Yard-ca.+1972+%28Mark+Solomon%29.png Cambridge & Somerville - Red Line Extension - Eliot Square Yard, looking from the tunnel entrance toward Harvard's Eliot House With the extension of the Red Line, Harvard Square became a through-station rather than the end of the line, and these facilities were relocated. The Kennedy School of Government, Charles Hotel and JFK Park now occupy this site. [© Mark Solomon ca. 1972] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448124243387-WW1816Y5RBU2LIZ7OTEV/Harvad+Stadium+%26+Bennett+Street+Yards-1915.jpg Cambridge & Somerville - Red Line Extension - Aerial view of the Red Line Eliot Square yards in 1915 The tunnel entrance is visible in the upper left. [courtesy of Harvard University Archives] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448124247478-M0WXH7I6LZ5CR4M3WONG/Red+Line+NW+Extension-Plan+%26+Profile.png Cambridge & Somerville - Red Line Extension - Profile drawing of the Red Line NW Extension Project The tunnels descend from Harvard Station to permit Porter to be mined within the Cambridge Argillite stratum, thereby avoiding the surface disruptions that plagued another local tunnel project. [Nathaniel Rogers] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448124251599-16FQMJC692QJ9RT12OHE/JFK+Park+Cambridge.jpg Cambridge & Somerville - Red Line Extension - JFK Park in Cambridge JFK Park in Cambridge, on the banks of the Charles River, was once the site of a large train yard, where Red Line cars were repaired and stored overnight. [photo taken in May 2013 by JOgdenC] http://www.northsouthraillink.org/confederation-line-ottawa daily 0.75 2015-11-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448190286909-H6ZOBREFMI6F2KFRDAG4/Ottawa+Confederation+Tunnel+Graphic.jpg Ottawa - Confederation Line - Ottawa Confederation Line light rail system [© Dennis Leung / Ottawa Citizen] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448124724350-GXU9F64WH6TKMBP8BNYY/Ottawa+Downtown+West+Station.png Ottawa - Confederation Line - Rendering shows the exterior of Downtown West Station's east entry from the corner of Queen Street [© City of Ottawa Confederation Line] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448124554971-X52W6KZ06J3ER3NIC061/Ottawa+routemap-en.gif Ottawa - Confederation Line - Ottawa route map [thetransportpolitic.com] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448124547425-80TG5QK7I1LPZOJ53RY5/Ottawa+DowntownEast.jpg Ottawa - Confederation Line - Ottawa station section [transitottawa.ca] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448124873942-EI2YRJN9YYA1XT0WYX01/norm_li_agi150116_rideau-2.jpg Ottawa - Confederation Line - Future Rideau Station (Platform Level) rendering [City Of Ottawa] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448197470258-2UA2CO61Z06KS22ODMD8/Ottawa+Downtown+West+Station.png Ottawa - Confederation Line http://www.northsouthraillink.org/centercity-commuter-connection-philadelphia daily 0.75 2015-12-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449455858054-PKOJXFQGQP5N86DNLK7R/30th+Street+Station+Map+Detail.png Philadelphia - Center City Commuter Connection - Philadelphia Center City Commuter Connector map Like Boston, Philadelphia's regional rail lines terminated at two major downtown terminals, Suburban Station and the Reading Terminal. In 1985 a 4-track rail link, 1.7 miles long, joined these two systems and has contributed greatly to the city's resurgence, in recent decades. The new through-stations, with just 4 tracks, now carry more than 650 trains per day (revenue trips). By contrast, South Station's 13 tracks are able to handle just 449 trains per day, and many of those train movements are non-revenue trips. [Wikimedia Commons] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449485907235-004T4YVOOISDU3C8H4E9/Philadelphia+Center+City+Commuter+Connection-Birdseye+1.png Philadelphia - Center City Commuter Connection - Aerial view of Philadelphia, showing the route of the Center City Commuter Connection in red [© GoogleEarth] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449485777286-59PXUSDNGOPTRMP4S7NS/Philadelphia+Birdseye+1.png Philadelphia - Center City Commuter Connection - Center City Commuter Connection route Aerial view of Philadelphia along the route of the Center City Commuter Tunnel, which in 1985 linked the railroad lines of the Pennsylvania and Reading Railroads. [© GoogleEarth] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449455766720-A80NA9NQF5OQP3N2O4EX/Suburban+Station+Philadelphia-%C2%A9Spikebrennan+via+Wikipedia.JPG Philadelphia - Center City Commuter Connection - Philadelphia's Suburban Station The Pennsylvania Railroad's art deco headquarters, which once marked the downtown terminus the their lines, now serves as the entrance to a new Suburban Station underground providing unified rail service through the city. [© spikebrennan via Wikipedia] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449485671989-BA0W1234BYGE1WJM2B91/Market+East+Station-wikipedia+photo_tm_pt.jpg Philadelphia - Center City Commuter Connection - Interior of Market East / Jefferson Station With just 4 tracks and two island platforms, this station handles twice as many trains per day (revenue trips) as South Station does with 3 times as many tracks. [© 2014 Tastypoutine] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449486033105-PZDLP2GSH3GRTGGAKM6D/Philadelphia+Center+City+Commuter+Connection-Birdseye+1.png Philadelphia - Center City Commuter Connection http://www.northsouthraillink.org/test daily 0.75 2017-08-21 http://www.northsouthraillink.org/home daily 1.0 2023-05-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1444866478905-EYH7WJOVAAKOK3NABVLH/ventotene.jpg An Integrated Regional Rail Network For New England https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449450338073-963EOSP9KRHCU7ANXOVP/image-asset.png An Integrated Regional Rail Network For New England https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447651029484-HP4I4NX2ZT70C8AVQBHA/image-asset.jpeg An Integrated Regional Rail Network For New England https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1461846455151-FIK7XGD67RSB89Z46SUS/image-asset.jpeg An Integrated Regional Rail Network For New England https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1461846477753-6VJ1RJWXTQ3FSOLGZO7L/image-asset.jpeg An Integrated Regional Rail Network For New England https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1456273231844-34X254G2QCHGI7PEW03X/Blurred+leaves-small.jpg An Integrated Regional Rail Network For New England http://www.northsouthraillink.org/connect daily 0.75 2016-12-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448550428537-976A5OQNFO9L3EGOHQOO/Railroad_Coupling_%28CMRR%29.png Connect http://www.northsouthraillink.org/supporters daily 0.75 2017-08-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447964958250-XG7F7FFA95HNIOFQBCA6/image-asset.jpeg Supporters Chancellor Martin Meehan, Oct. 11, 2012 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447964844117-C9GBN23ETN57FFJQ0JIT/Delegation-Letter-10.11.12.png Supporters Congressional Delegation, Oct. 11, 2012 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1456481110487-5WYZVDF9GAOU22FAVFUN/image-asset.png Supporters Letter FROM Seth Moulton to FRA, Feb 16, 2016 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1445906305992-IRKVG37XVM8HP8PR92NH/hands-220163.png Supporters http://www.northsouthraillink.org/construction daily 0.75 2016-05-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447514116896-P055GXDEP9GC2A3HCMG9/image-asset.jpeg Construction A proposed 21-story Building at Hook Wharf, between Seaport Blvd and Northern Ave bridges, is located directly above the planned NSRL tunnels. The two projects should be coordinated to assure the alignment is not compromised. [Elkus Manfredi Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449069774542-7RE9K7YBB8RK2IO4781L/image-asset.jpeg Construction Proposed construction staging area identified in the NSRL DEIR / MIS occupied about half of the recently sold 42 acre parcel. A staging area adjacent to the tunnel portal is needed during the construction period. [VHB/FRH] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447514291678-LTAAD7WL7PZBI3JI5S1Q/NorthPoint+Map.jpg Construction A portion of the 42 acre North Point site, purchased by Divco West in July 2015, was designated as an ideal staging area for NSRL tunnel construction. Other options still remain, but not many. [The Boston Globe] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447513419327-QIGEKAZU67O0VB2O84D1/image-asset.jpeg Construction Tunnel Boring Machine during construction of the Leipzig City Tunnel Rail Link [photo by Ingbife] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449069992665-C00BL1NYHBCH1SBQWDES/Globe+Editorial-3.5.15.png Construction The Boston Globe published an editorial March 5, 2015, urging state planners to protect the NSRL alignment from obstructions that might result from uncoordinated development above. [© The Boston Globe] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447512828603-HRCFSJLHBYCP5UWL4MV2/tunnel-boring-machine-3d-an.png Construction http://www.northsouthraillink.org/alignment daily 0.75 2015-12-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447511325317-6J2S3P6V05P15YP9K1X9/image-asset.jpeg Alignment View of Boston showing the alignment of the rail link in Red [Satellite IMAGE SOURCE: Google Earth] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447950793860-XR2QBJ8O8WHL1UNVZ9AE/image-asset.jpeg Alignment Stockholm Centralen Station. New rail platforms are being constructed below the existing main subway station (upper left), with direct escalator connections between them. [Illustration © Ahlqvist och Almqvist Arkitekter AB] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447512048230-49XMXIN9J7DBVTH33ALU/image-asset.jpeg Alignment Interior of Wilhelm-Leuschner-Platz Station on the Leipzig City Tunnel Rail Link [© Christan Guenther] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447512061180-FJVB1NJIGKXUG6BI9V3W/image-asset.jpeg Alignment Malmo Citytunneln, Triangeln Station Platforms [© Kasper Dudzik] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447412569580-PHMPWZRRRVARRN8R2EW8/image-asset.png Alignment Conceptual plan for a North South Rail Link; Separate portals on the north and south sides of the city would descend to new tunnels located below the Central Artery [Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc.] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447520793274-C9KD9T4BHPIRNYJTVMKI/NSRL+Profile-VHB+DEIR-MIS+Fig.+2.5-7.jpg Alignment NSRL Profile Drawing (as is customary, the horizontal scale is reduced) [DEIR by Vanasse Hangen Brustlin] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447412335056-S27Z5WLHCB65HKYC49VR/NSRL-South-Station-Dorch-Av.png Alignment http://www.northsouthraillink.org/connectivity daily 0.75 2015-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447617610681-HMW0J0250YWEHCA54GRZ/image-asset.png Connectivity The New Hampshire Capitol Corridor Project, still in the planning stages, would create a direct rail connection from Concord, Manchester and Nashua to the Massachusetts commuter rail network. [NH DOT] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447617630743-6EHHUZM82JPK645FYTQM/image-asset.png Connectivity Amtrak’s DownEaster service from Boston to Portland, Maine has grown steadily since its start in 2001, and has been extended north to Brunswick. [© Open Streetmap] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449018143191-CZXIRXRD1DTU8V9L0BZQ/image-asset.png Connectivity To visualize the impact of the gap between our northern and southern rail systems we have only to imagine how our transit lines would function if they were similarly divided, as shown in this modification of the MBTA transit map. Park Street would have to be a large terminal with a dozen platforms, from which trains would back out to begin each run. Absurd as this may seem, this is exactly how our commuter rail system works. [© MBTA / Brad Bellows] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447613449490-M5ICW3INY8D2LMN3L9MI/Acer+palmatum+%E2%80%98Ijima+sunago%E2%80%99%28Crop2%29_tm.jpg Connectivity http://www.northsouthraillink.org/a-region-divided daily 0.75 2016-04-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1461846421168-NZ4NXKSKVLJLERHLKNI1/image-asset.jpeg A Region Divided Map of unified system, with all commuter rail and transit lines connected in downtown Boston. [© Brad Bellows Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1461846402407-SK7544FXGKXGXS4JUGVJ/image-asset.jpeg A Region Divided Map of existing commuter rail system, with no connection between north and south. [© Brad Bellows Architects] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449449227681-0ZWHAYWNSMU35YRTF2T0/main-map.png A Region Divided http://www.northsouthraillink.org/competitiveness daily 0.75 2015-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449088528225-UKGLMJBWEL1BHGEWY26Q/5600515595_aac7d4b63b_b.jpg Competitiveness Logan Airport [© Michael Kappel] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447613656553-09HG7PT9GAVL2GLL2OR4/image-asset.jpeg Competitiveness Massachusetts’ mill buildings, a legacy of our industrial past, are well-suited for 21st century needs. Recently renovated Wood Worsted Mills, Lawrence MA [photo by EMW, 3/23/14] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449087781071-K7KV1Q01FCRMRDZL2M8S/image-asset.jpeg Competitiveness Salem State College Library [Lee Kennedy] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449088126265-JAY9LIL2XXOQKTJTPBWU/WPI_Alden_Memorial.JPG Competitiveness Worcester Polytechnic Institute [Wikimedia] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449087764773-77JZ1VA83VXBHUBY7QHY/image-asset.jpeg Competitiveness Salem’s East India Marine Hall, now part of the Peabody Essex Museum, is a reminder of the city’s prosperous past and a magnet for tourism. Better regional access will further expand and broaden the city’s economy. [© Walter Silver, courtesy PEM] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447472173938-0Y9GQ84RJ9LACFAIE2LM/image-asset.jpeg Competitiveness Massachusetts’ mill buildings, a legacy of our industrial past, are well-suited for 21st century needs. Recently renovated Loft Five50, Lawrence, MA [Loft Five50] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449087739394-2L1WBXAHG4W3NZTEF5PR/image-asset.jpeg Competitiveness Gloucester’s fishing economy has faltered, but with better rail access, new industries will flourish. [© Cathy Tarr, 2010] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449088685851-TUKOVXEU58SETZ7W4QKI/image-asset.jpeg Competitiveness Braga Bridge Fall River [© Alexey Sergeev] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447949057597-F8QTHOFAOFCJCSBTB9YW/Non-Stop%2C+Millenium+Line%2C+Vancouver%2C+%C2%A9+Celine+Ramoni+Lee%2C+9.10.14%2CFlckr+.png Competitiveness http://www.northsouthraillink.org/sustainability daily 0.75 2015-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449086897665-P30TSY8KRQIGVK0EFHMX/Jamaica+Pond-%C2%A9+Paige+Mazurek+for+GoBoston%2C+2014.jpg Sustainability Jamaica Pond [© Paige Mazurek for GoBoston, 2014] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449085823541-KXI2HJ15B38N7NA5YG1A/Train+%26+Cherry+Blossom-4.9.14-%C2%A9Snowshoe+Hare+via+Flickr.jpg Sustainability http://www.northsouthraillink.org/efficiency daily 0.75 2015-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447948387352-UTR2QBU6R4775WPE6Z65/image-asset.png Efficiency The MBTA's Commuter Rail Maintenance Facility is located just north of Boston, in Somerville but two-thirds of the fleet is south of Boston. As a result, trains have to be shuttled through Cambridge in the middle of the night to reach the maintenance facility. [© Google Earth] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447519330245-H3VGZBFQFKDH3WF5B29H/image-asset.png Efficiency [North South Rail Link Project, Operations Study 1998] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447960858118-93AKFKZW0BERJ6ED86AY/Malmo+Triangeln+Station+Platform+3-Kasper+Dudzik-banner.jpg Efficiency http://www.northsouthraillink.org/capacity daily 0.75 2015-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449451344788-51B7QT876SGGIAAFDXTN/image-asset.png Capacity Summary of capacity needs and constraints at South Station in Boston. Note that South Station is at capacity with just 320 revenue trips per day, while Philadelphia's downtown through-stations carry more than twice as many revenue trips with less than 1/3 as many tracks, and with capacity to spare. [MBTA South Station Expansion Project DEIR, Oct. 2014, p. 2-6] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449082699334-9IAC7TH67NILFSHP2JUF/LU17-Foregone+Development+Potential+at+SSX+%28rotated%29.jpg Capacity Plan of proposed development on the US Post Office site adjacent to South Station, showing that much of this very expensive waterfront site will be devoted to parking trains (new platforms are shown in orange), wiping out about 550,000 sf of useable area, and greatly complicating the construction process. The MBTA conceded in January 2015 that, as a result, the development is unlikely to make any financial contribution toward the cost of South Station Expansion. [South Station Expansion DEIR] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447503956880-QFQY8YE7ZFA5ZI00Q6XK/Rail+Switches-pt.jpg Capacity http://www.northsouthraillink.org/equity daily 0.75 2015-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447507089451-K12Y8P91CR290FL5GG8D/image-asset.png Equity "Transportation Emerges as Crucial to Escaping Poverty" [Miayla Bouchard, 5/7/15 © The New York Times] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449083980279-XH9QJIUOA41CGIVEIHLM/image-asset.jpeg Equity Everett Mills, 15 Union Street, Lawrence MA, April 2011 [Wikipedia] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449743828338-V8J8JKZREYJWZZWY5QAP/image-asset.png Equity Massachusetts Economic Target Areas, 2012 [Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449083696840-BX42YDVPVB467JLG68BP/OldMillAncoats.jpg Equity http://www.northsouthraillink.org/why-now daily 0.75 2015-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447614326679-T0O8T3KJLVSHSHDCD3ON/image-asset.jpeg Why Now Crossing the Drawbridge at North Station [©Justin Patterson, 7/1/12] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447614963383-3VC8LM0SBFGISYEQSXU4/image-asset.jpeg Why Now Current images of Boylston Street where rail once was [Trulia] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447614356281-TKWX85NF4IK9Q66RQQXP/image-asset.png Why Now Order of Taking Document [filed by MassDOT in 2014] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1449487064827-5346H4SA1QUA2T3IXI7L/Urban+Land+Institute-America+in+2015+Transit+Preferences.png Why Now Full Report at ULI [ The Urban Land Institute] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447614852924-1EBSWNGKSSQAA8HDFVL4/image-asset.jpeg Why Now Boston’s great Boston & Albany rail yards in the early 20th century [BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447614571168-H32E9WI82NRML58186VE/image-asset.png Why Now Route of Stockholm City Banan Rail Link [Illustration © Ahlqvist och Almqvist Arkitekter AB] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447514642324-QM3V4JJU30PK2A4VLV2K/SSX-Maximum-Build-blurred-cropped.png Why Now http://www.northsouthraillink.org/learn-more daily 0.75 2016-04-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447526877274-NHVVLTILHE4N19W2ANZG/library-shelves.jpg Learn More http://www.northsouthraillink.org/faq daily 0.75 2016-08-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447957256789-EAVVWU8LAN0K5714ALJK/FAQ-banner.png FAQ http://www.northsouthraillink.org/about daily 0.75 2015-12-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447643028058-2UX3W5JUSL5HCYC2MELE/DSC06049.JPG About http://www.northsouthraillink.org/equipment daily 0.75 2015-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447951616109-7H4IEJ2UJTD4U2QBLFN4/image-asset.jpeg Equipment Bombardier ALP-45DP Dual Mode locomotive operating near Montréal. The pantograph is down because is line has not been electrified, and the locomotive is therefore operating under diesel power. [© Michael Berry] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447951498158-ZYR5T7ZPUKPGTE3LVB15/image-asset.jpeg Equipment The Bombardier ALP-45DP Dual Mode Locomotive can operate under either diesel or electric power. Here the pantograph is up, to collect power from the catenary. [photo: © Robert Pisani] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447951381314-RKXZQFPMYAB8JBSB8BRN/image-asset.jpeg Equipment Acela entering South Attleboro Station, Dec. 10, 2013. The Acela locomotive draws power efficiently and safely from an overhead catenary. [photo © Alex S, via Flickr] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1447951226833-19MFTB2VJUOZ3RPW4FK5/DSC06051.JPG Equipment http://www.northsouthraillink.org/comp-proj-overview daily 0.75 2016-05-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448046063461-AVLG8TFEFDG1C4E803LR/crossrail34cityampwestend_z.png Comparable Projects http://www.northsouthraillink.org/news daily 0.75 2017-08-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448306588584-VKGCF5GGVIXCMBWZ28TP/IMG_3833-half.jpg News http://www.northsouthraillink.org/connect-original daily 0.75 2015-11-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561e6ed5e4b039248a6a94aa/1448550428537-976A5OQNFO9L3EGOHQOO/Railroad_Coupling_%28CMRR%29.png Connect - Original